Cartridge Overview: A Quick Primer
7mm-08 Remington
The 7mm-08 Remington entered the scene in the mid-1980s, gaining popularity quickly. Born from a .308 Winchester parent case necked down to accept the .284 inch (7mm) bullets, the 7mm-08 was a natural evolution. It was conceived to be a short-action cartridge offering a good balance of performance and moderate recoil. The beauty of the 7mm-08, and a major advantage, lies in its ability to function effectively within the confines of a short-action rifle. This feature allows for lighter, more compact rifles, which are often favored by hunters who traverse challenging terrain. The case dimensions contribute to its efficiency. The relatively modest powder capacity, in turn, translates into lower recoil compared to larger, more powerful cartridges. This makes the 7mm-08 Remington easier to shoot well, an advantage for shooters of all skill levels. The design intent of the 7mm-08 was clear: to provide a versatile cartridge suitable for hunting medium-sized game, such as whitetail deer, mule deer, and pronghorn, while also offering accuracy for target shooting. It delivered on these promises admirably.
7mm PRC (Precision Rifle Cartridge)
The 7mm PRC, or 7mm Precision Rifle Cartridge, is a more recent development, introduced by Hornady in 2018. Designed with the needs of long-range shooters and hunters in mind, the 7mm PRC showcases modern engineering principles. This cartridge was specifically developed to utilize long, high-BC (Ballistic Coefficient) bullets, maximizing their downrange performance. The case capacity of the 7mm PRC is significantly larger than that of the 7mm-08. This larger case allows for greater powder charges, resulting in much higher velocities. This is a key advantage in terms of ballistics and energy on target. The 7mm PRC’s dimensions are different. Unlike the 7mm-08, it’s built around a magnum-length case, and designed to work optimally in standard long-action rifles, which provides increased powder capacity. The design intent of the 7mm PRC was crystal clear: to create a cartridge that offers exceptional long-range performance, flatter trajectories, and potent energy delivery at extended distances.
Key Differences
The major differences are immediately apparent when comparing the two. The 7mm PRC packs significantly more powder, resulting in substantially higher muzzle velocities. Its dimensions, particularly the case capacity and length, reflect its focus on maximizing performance at longer ranges. The 7mm-08, on the other hand, prioritizes a more balanced approach, blending effectiveness with manageability within a short-action platform.
A Look at Ballistics
Muzzle Velocity
Muzzle velocity is a fundamental characteristic that affects all other ballistic factors. The 7mm PRC generally boasts significantly higher muzzle velocities than the 7mm-08. Expect the 7mm PRC to launch a given bullet weight, say, a 160-grain bullet, at speeds that are often 200 to 400 feet per second faster than the 7mm-08. This is a direct consequence of the larger case capacity of the 7mm PRC. These higher velocities translate into flatter trajectories, increased effective range, and more energy at the target downrange.
Trajectory
Trajectory, the path a bullet takes in flight, is heavily influenced by velocity. Faster bullets experience less drop over a given distance, making them easier to hit targets at longer ranges. The 7mm PRC’s flatter trajectory is a distinct advantage. Imagine two bullets of the same weight and ballistic coefficient. One launched from the 7mm-08, the other from the 7mm PRC. At 500 yards, the 7mm-08 bullet might drop 30-40 inches, while the 7mm PRC bullet, traveling significantly faster, could drop 20-30 inches, making it easier to hit the target without needing to adjust as much for bullet drop. At 700 yards, that difference becomes even more pronounced.
Energy at Range
Energy at range is a critical consideration for hunters. It’s a measure of a bullet’s destructive potential. The 7mm PRC, with its higher muzzle velocity and ability to launch heavier bullets, generally retains more energy at longer distances. This increased energy translates into greater terminal performance on impact, making the 7mm PRC a more effective choice for larger game and shots at greater distances. The 7mm-08, though still effective, starts to lose steam at longer ranges, making it less suitable for ethically harvesting larger animals at extreme distances.
Wind Drift
Wind drift is another crucial factor, particularly for long-range shooters and hunters. Wind pushes a bullet sideways during flight. The amount of wind drift is affected by bullet velocity, the bullet’s ballistic coefficient (BC), and the strength of the wind. The 7mm PRC’s higher velocities, and the common use of high-BC bullets, result in less wind drift compared to the 7mm-08. This means that the 7mm PRC bullet will be affected less by the wind over the same distance, making it easier to hit the target in windy conditions. While wind drift can be compensated for, less drift simplifies the aiming process and increases the chances of a successful shot.
Performance and Practicality
Hunting Performance
For hunters, a key consideration is the effective range. This is the distance at which a shooter can consistently deliver a fatal shot, taking into account bullet drop, energy, and ethical considerations. The 7mm PRC’s flatter trajectory and higher retained energy extend its effective range significantly. It is not uncommon to hear of successful shots exceeding 500, or even 600 yards, with the 7mm PRC, particularly when combined with a skilled shooter, a quality scope, and proper range estimation. The 7mm-08, while capable, typically has a shorter effective range, generally best suited for shots within 300-400 yards.
Suitable Game
The choice of game species will also guide your decision. The 7mm-08 is an excellent choice for medium-sized game such as whitetail deer, mule deer, pronghorn, and even black bear, provided the hunter stays within reasonable distances. It offers a balance of power and manageable recoil. The 7mm PRC, with its increased power and range, steps up to the plate for larger game, including elk, moose, and various big game species, and is also well-suited for longer-range hunting situations.
Bullet Selection
Bullet selection is paramount, regardless of the cartridge chosen. Proper bullet choice ensures that the bullet will perform as expected upon impact. For the 7mm-08, hunters often select bullets designed for controlled expansion and deep penetration, especially when hunting larger animals. With the 7mm PRC, the emphasis is on high-BC bullets that maintain velocity and energy at long ranges, resulting in devastating terminal effects. Bullet construction, of course, should match the game species and the expected impact velocity.
Target Shooting and Long-Range Shooting
Target shooting and long-range shooting are areas where these cartridges also shine. The inherent accuracy of both the 7mm-08 and 7mm PRC is excellent, with the ability to produce tight groups at the appropriate ranges. The 7mm PRC, however, gains the advantage in long-range shooting. Its flatter trajectory, reduced wind drift, and higher retained energy make it a superb choice for hitting targets at extended distances, such as 800, 900, or 1000 yards, and beyond. For recreational target shooting, the 7mm-08 can also excel, making it a very versatile cartridge.
Recoil
Recoil is another element to consider. The 7mm-08, known for its manageable recoil, allows for comfortable shooting and rapid follow-up shots. This is an advantage for new shooters or those who prefer a less punishing shooting experience. The 7mm PRC, with its larger powder charges, produces significantly more recoil. Although manageable for most shooters, it can be more tiring over extended shooting sessions.
Gearing Up: Rifle and Equipment
Rifle Availability
Rifle availability is a key factor. Rifles chambered in both cartridges are readily available from a wide variety of manufacturers. The 7mm-08, being the older and more established cartridge, enjoys a larger selection of rifles available in various models and price points. This can be beneficial for someone seeking to build a budget-friendly hunting setup. The 7mm PRC is becoming increasingly popular, and manufacturers are responding. The range of available rifles is also increasing.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Ammunition availability and cost are also important. The 7mm-08 is a well-established cartridge, with readily available factory ammunition from a wide range of manufacturers. The prices are generally in the mid-range. The 7mm PRC ammunition is becoming easier to find, but may not be available at all local stores. The cost of factory ammunition for the 7mm PRC is typically higher than for the 7mm-08. Reloading, of course, offers significant advantages in terms of cost savings, and allows you to tailor your loads to your specific rifle and needs.
Accessories
Essential accessories include a quality scope and other pieces of equipment. Scopes designed for long-range shooting generally have higher magnification, and can also include turrets for adjusting bullet drop and wind drift. The shooter’s choice will also be dictated by their shooting style. If shooting for recreation, there are also scopes available to meet the shooter’s needs.
A Quick Look at Strengths and Weaknesses
7mm-08 Remington
The 7mm-08’s strengths include its manageable recoil, making it comfortable to shoot. It has a broader range of rifles, and more affordable factory ammunition options. The disadvantages of the 7mm-08 include its lower velocities and shorter effective range compared to magnum cartridges.
7mm PRC
The 7mm PRC, with its high velocity, long effective range, and flatter trajectory are strong positives. Its high energy at range is also an important factor. Disadvantages include the higher recoil, the slightly higher cost and limited ammunition choices, and it typically requires a larger rifle (a long action rifle).
The Final Verdict
So, which cartridge reigns supreme? The answer, like many things in life, is, “It depends.” Both cartridges offer impressive performance. The best choice depends on your intended use, shooting experience, and budget.
Recommendation
For the new shooter or the hunter who prioritizes a balance of power and manageability, the 7mm-08 Remington is an excellent choice. It’s a versatile cartridge that will serve you well on medium-sized game. For the long-range shooter or the hunter pursuing larger game at longer distances, the 7mm PRC is an excellent choice. It’s a powerful, accurate cartridge that excels at extending the range of the shooter.
Final Thoughts
Ultimately, the best way to decide is to consider all factors.
Whether you choose the 7mm-08 Remington or the 7mm PRC, you’re selecting a cartridge that promises accuracy, versatility, and the satisfaction of pursuing your passion. Choose wisely, prepare well, and go forth with confidence. The mountains are waiting.
